sourcing
- Grown in Brazil, US, Argentina
- GM: herbicide & insect tolerant
- Poor soil tolerance, fixes nitrogen
- Flour 50–60%, concentrate 65–80%, isolate > 90% protein
- Low consumer acceptance
nutrition
- PDCAAS 0.84
- Limiting AA: Lys, Met & Cys
- FDA claim: heart disease risk reduction
- Phytoestrogens
- Antinutritive factors: Trypsin inhibitors & hemagglutinin
- Allergenicity: Major
properties
- Viscosity & water binding
- Gelation
- Emulsification & foaming
- Flavor-binding
- Earthy & bitter/astringent off-flavors
applications
- Diverse, e.g., dressing, beverage powder, plant-based creamer, frozen dessert, soup, whipped topping, formula
- Texturized for meat replacement/ extension
